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Antigravity Research
17 years 3 months ago #19896
by Stoat
Replied by Stoat on topic Reply from Robert Turner
Here's an article on this new superconductor
www.lbl.gov/Science-Articles/Archive/MSD...tor-Cohen-Louie.html
I think they've made a mistake on that layer drawing. The crystal structure of magnesium is hexagonal and the cystal structure of boron is rhomboidal. An epitaxial alloy of bismuth and magnesium, as in Linda Howe's alleged ufo fragment, will look like that layer structure but the more massive bismuth atoms will want to keep their rhomboidal shape more i.e. they will skew the layers of magnesium. Note however, that if we cool bismuth its shape becomes more cubic. That's why it's used in dental amalgams.
Cool the thing down to about 39K ( I made a mistake about the temperature of the mag/boron superconductor, it should be 39K and not 23K) then as the temperature rises the layers will skew and pull down all the layers. I hate to say it but this combination could well be a very good high temperature superconductor.
That doesn't mean it's something made by Martians. Perhaps a researcher wanted to give everyone a "heads up," about something that would be best for everyone to have at the same time. After all, the race is on for a room temperature superconductor, the social implications of such a thing would be huge.
I think they've made a mistake on that layer drawing. The crystal structure of magnesium is hexagonal and the cystal structure of boron is rhomboidal. An epitaxial alloy of bismuth and magnesium, as in Linda Howe's alleged ufo fragment, will look like that layer structure but the more massive bismuth atoms will want to keep their rhomboidal shape more i.e. they will skew the layers of magnesium. Note however, that if we cool bismuth its shape becomes more cubic. That's why it's used in dental amalgams.
Cool the thing down to about 39K ( I made a mistake about the temperature of the mag/boron superconductor, it should be 39K and not 23K) then as the temperature rises the layers will skew and pull down all the layers. I hate to say it but this combination could well be a very good high temperature superconductor.
That doesn't mean it's something made by Martians. Perhaps a researcher wanted to give everyone a "heads up," about something that would be best for everyone to have at the same time. After all, the race is on for a room temperature superconductor, the social implications of such a thing would be huge.
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17 years 3 months ago #18000
by cosmicsurfer
Replied by cosmicsurfer on topic Reply from John Rickey
ARE FTL GRAVITONS THE SOURCE FOR ELECTRICAL FIELD INTERACTIONS AND MAGNETISM?
Everything from MASS [Graviton powered], CMB radiations [CMB FTL interactions and absolutely does not indicate Big Bang early universe]to plasma fields [electrical nature of Universe] are all related to electromagnetic interactions, yet science does not recognize that the Graviton is a possible source circuit for all force carriers in this dimensional scale and is the primary source for all of these electromagnetic interactions. There is no 'free lunch,' and some source must be powering the UNIVERSE, but what?????
THE GRAVITON [BEC-wave FTL system wide TVF motion, POWER - instant system wide power source for all atomic activity]
Is the Graviton the FTL electron powering our visible Universe?
For mass regeneration in this spectrum of electromagnetic energy to take place a circuit must be completed. It is my conclusion that the Graviton [negative charge], as formed from collapsing FTL Aether Frequencies that form Graviton Currents completes a circuit into lower C frequencies of Mass and this demodulation of Graviton energy that is rectified within the circuit powers the atom, spin, and quantum forces. The exit wave [FTL CIRCUIT] from mass [Stoat-shadow reverse motion could actually form a much reduced reverse current against forward time motion] then is the Anti-Graviton [positive charge] Currents that complete the circuit as a flux dynamic of greater Universe circulations [FORWARD TIME-momentum/motion is towards the positive pole]. The negative/positive charge aspects of electrical activity within MASS in visible UNIVERSE terminates to an Aether source charge FTL dielectric just like in a battery only in the case of the Graviton as compared to the Electron it operates at faster then light frequencies/speeds transferring momentum and maintaining spin rates.
I will be back later to discuss self sustaining plasmas that can generate electricty, room temperature polymer ultraconductors, and rotating magnetic fields without lenz breaking. We are on the verge of major break throughs, the problem is that our physics and astrophysics will need to look at the possibility that existing doctrines do not adequately explain how our Universe is powered.
ENERGY CIRCUITS OF GREATER UNIVERSE
In a hyperdimensional multiple scale Universe the sub scale-space systems would operate off of a cascade of plasma electrical type circuits. In this case the Aether plasma fields collapse into our scale creating gravitons [plasma condensate forms graviton with larger mass then aether particle]. This collapsing reaction around mass creates an instantaneous BEC gravity wave that is universal with TVF motion, and the circuit terminates in the nucleon of the Atom. The completion of the graviton circuit creates an 'FTL' gravitostatic field around all mass and atom similar to the electrostatic field between polar opposites, and generates inside nucleon an outwards branched plasmoid dipole with internal twisted plasma forming a micro annihilation zero point between the return reverse Anti-Graviton circuit.
VIRTUAL ELECTRONS - The electron also is negatively charged and is formed as a condensate from FTL local gravitostatic fields. This is new territory here but, sub atomic particles come into and out of existance whereas atoms do not. Because electron and graviton fields are both negatively charged high electric fields can generate an antigravitional force as they push against each other, also high negative capacitance is accelerated by the FTL gravitostatic force vector creating motion towards the positive pole [Same effect in MAGNETISM, feromagnetic effect-alligned electron circular currents create magnification revealing at lower levels of 'C' distortion of vector lines of force from the Gravitostatic Field].
Because power source is always 'on' plasmas are a natural source for VIRTUAL ELECTRONS.
SELF SUSTAINING PLASMAS - We are finding out that this 'extra' energy from so many experiments with plasmas is from an outside EM source, The VIRTUAL ELECTRON. Here is an example of a recent study on SELF SUSTAINING PLASMAS:
"A new phenomenon of a high frequency electron beam modulation was discovered by researchers of the Plasma Lab. of the Physics Department of Technion while investigating the ferroelectric plasma cathode which emits electron beams. Namely, a density of electrons in the beam alternates in time almost sinusoidally; an amplitude of this density oscillations reaches 100%. It is supposed that the processes in the plasma situated in the cathode are responsible for these density oscillations. There is no satisfactory theory of this phenomenon up to present. This project is an attempt to build a model in a first order approach. The main goal of the presented model is the determination of the range of the plasma parameters in which the high frequency beam modulation is possible and to compare the acquired results with the results obtained in the experiments."
".....To obtain a positive feedback, an additional element has been introduced. It has been found experimentally that the positive feedback is achieved by the coaxial feeder, which is connected to the front electrode of the ferroelectric sample and provides it with driving pulse. This feeder perceives the electromagnetic field, which is generated by the electron beam (output signal) and transmits this electromagnetic field into FPC as an input signal. If the input signal enters the system in the proper phase, it causes the growth of the oscillations amplitude of the emitted electrons."
physics.technion.ac.il/~konst/Notes/Physical model
ULTRACONDUCTORS:
Will polymerized strands of ultraconductors replace copper wiring? Here is a company that has invented a process whereby they have locked in by an ionization process electric channels into hardened polymers forming room temperature superconducting materials:
"Ultraconductors, which exhibit superconducting properties at ambient (room) temperatures. These materials are claimed to conduct electricity at least 100,000 times better than gold, silver, or copper"
http://ultraconductors.com./bbb_pg_3.html
"Ultraconductors are the result of more than sixteen years of prior scientific research, peer reviewed publication, independent laboratory testing, and eight years of engineering development.
From an engineering perspective, Ultraconductors are a fundamentally new and enabling technology. They are lightweight, flexible, transparent, and possess magnetic, electric, and electronic properties of exceptionally high commercial value.
Ultimately, Ultraconductors will offer unprecedented high performance and energy efficiency throughout a very broad range of products.
These applications will include:
Electric power products (Power downleads, motors, generators, transmission lines)
Electronics (microelectronic circuits and components, computer chip mounting, antennas)
Medical (MRI systems, sensors, specialized instruments)
Electromagnetics (energy storage, shielding"
ultraconductors.com/products.html
MAGNETIC FIELD GENERATORS - WITHOUT LENZ BREAKING
Here is a company that has made a break through in electric generation by rotating magnetic fields with no moving parts that creates a self sustaining without current loop back field interference source of VIRTUAL ELECTRONS:
Magnetic Power Inc’s mission is to supply the world with clean, abundant, and inexpensive electricity.
"The company is developing technology it calls Magnetic Power ModulesTM. Based upon proprietary breakthrough discoveries in MPI's labs, Magnetic Power Modules are being designed that operate continuously, without fuel, extracting electricity by converting an abundant, renewable energy source that exists everywhere in the universe. The process will create no pollution. The cost of electricity is estimated to be significantly less than any competing form of power generation today or in the foreseeable future."
www.magneticpowerinc.com/index.html
In summation, the GRAVITON is not the weak force it is the SOURCE of all the forces including electricity. If the GRAVITON is an FTL particle which I believe that it is then it also has a frequency that operates at significant ranges of frequencies above that of light. Otherwise, we would be able to see the motion of GRAVITONS. There are so many misconceptions regarding the power structure of our UNIVERSE that academia is no doubt having a very difficult time trying to patch together existing theories inorder make the data fit.
John W. Rickey
Everything from MASS [Graviton powered], CMB radiations [CMB FTL interactions and absolutely does not indicate Big Bang early universe]to plasma fields [electrical nature of Universe] are all related to electromagnetic interactions, yet science does not recognize that the Graviton is a possible source circuit for all force carriers in this dimensional scale and is the primary source for all of these electromagnetic interactions. There is no 'free lunch,' and some source must be powering the UNIVERSE, but what?????
THE GRAVITON [BEC-wave FTL system wide TVF motion, POWER - instant system wide power source for all atomic activity]
Is the Graviton the FTL electron powering our visible Universe?
For mass regeneration in this spectrum of electromagnetic energy to take place a circuit must be completed. It is my conclusion that the Graviton [negative charge], as formed from collapsing FTL Aether Frequencies that form Graviton Currents completes a circuit into lower C frequencies of Mass and this demodulation of Graviton energy that is rectified within the circuit powers the atom, spin, and quantum forces. The exit wave [FTL CIRCUIT] from mass [Stoat-shadow reverse motion could actually form a much reduced reverse current against forward time motion] then is the Anti-Graviton [positive charge] Currents that complete the circuit as a flux dynamic of greater Universe circulations [FORWARD TIME-momentum/motion is towards the positive pole]. The negative/positive charge aspects of electrical activity within MASS in visible UNIVERSE terminates to an Aether source charge FTL dielectric just like in a battery only in the case of the Graviton as compared to the Electron it operates at faster then light frequencies/speeds transferring momentum and maintaining spin rates.
I will be back later to discuss self sustaining plasmas that can generate electricty, room temperature polymer ultraconductors, and rotating magnetic fields without lenz breaking. We are on the verge of major break throughs, the problem is that our physics and astrophysics will need to look at the possibility that existing doctrines do not adequately explain how our Universe is powered.
ENERGY CIRCUITS OF GREATER UNIVERSE
In a hyperdimensional multiple scale Universe the sub scale-space systems would operate off of a cascade of plasma electrical type circuits. In this case the Aether plasma fields collapse into our scale creating gravitons [plasma condensate forms graviton with larger mass then aether particle]. This collapsing reaction around mass creates an instantaneous BEC gravity wave that is universal with TVF motion, and the circuit terminates in the nucleon of the Atom. The completion of the graviton circuit creates an 'FTL' gravitostatic field around all mass and atom similar to the electrostatic field between polar opposites, and generates inside nucleon an outwards branched plasmoid dipole with internal twisted plasma forming a micro annihilation zero point between the return reverse Anti-Graviton circuit.
VIRTUAL ELECTRONS - The electron also is negatively charged and is formed as a condensate from FTL local gravitostatic fields. This is new territory here but, sub atomic particles come into and out of existance whereas atoms do not. Because electron and graviton fields are both negatively charged high electric fields can generate an antigravitional force as they push against each other, also high negative capacitance is accelerated by the FTL gravitostatic force vector creating motion towards the positive pole [Same effect in MAGNETISM, feromagnetic effect-alligned electron circular currents create magnification revealing at lower levels of 'C' distortion of vector lines of force from the Gravitostatic Field].
Because power source is always 'on' plasmas are a natural source for VIRTUAL ELECTRONS.
SELF SUSTAINING PLASMAS - We are finding out that this 'extra' energy from so many experiments with plasmas is from an outside EM source, The VIRTUAL ELECTRON. Here is an example of a recent study on SELF SUSTAINING PLASMAS:
"A new phenomenon of a high frequency electron beam modulation was discovered by researchers of the Plasma Lab. of the Physics Department of Technion while investigating the ferroelectric plasma cathode which emits electron beams. Namely, a density of electrons in the beam alternates in time almost sinusoidally; an amplitude of this density oscillations reaches 100%. It is supposed that the processes in the plasma situated in the cathode are responsible for these density oscillations. There is no satisfactory theory of this phenomenon up to present. This project is an attempt to build a model in a first order approach. The main goal of the presented model is the determination of the range of the plasma parameters in which the high frequency beam modulation is possible and to compare the acquired results with the results obtained in the experiments."
".....To obtain a positive feedback, an additional element has been introduced. It has been found experimentally that the positive feedback is achieved by the coaxial feeder, which is connected to the front electrode of the ferroelectric sample and provides it with driving pulse. This feeder perceives the electromagnetic field, which is generated by the electron beam (output signal) and transmits this electromagnetic field into FPC as an input signal. If the input signal enters the system in the proper phase, it causes the growth of the oscillations amplitude of the emitted electrons."
physics.technion.ac.il/~konst/Notes/Physical model
ULTRACONDUCTORS:
Will polymerized strands of ultraconductors replace copper wiring? Here is a company that has invented a process whereby they have locked in by an ionization process electric channels into hardened polymers forming room temperature superconducting materials:
"Ultraconductors, which exhibit superconducting properties at ambient (room) temperatures. These materials are claimed to conduct electricity at least 100,000 times better than gold, silver, or copper"
http://ultraconductors.com./bbb_pg_3.html
"Ultraconductors are the result of more than sixteen years of prior scientific research, peer reviewed publication, independent laboratory testing, and eight years of engineering development.
From an engineering perspective, Ultraconductors are a fundamentally new and enabling technology. They are lightweight, flexible, transparent, and possess magnetic, electric, and electronic properties of exceptionally high commercial value.
Ultimately, Ultraconductors will offer unprecedented high performance and energy efficiency throughout a very broad range of products.
These applications will include:
Electric power products (Power downleads, motors, generators, transmission lines)
Electronics (microelectronic circuits and components, computer chip mounting, antennas)
Medical (MRI systems, sensors, specialized instruments)
Electromagnetics (energy storage, shielding"
ultraconductors.com/products.html
MAGNETIC FIELD GENERATORS - WITHOUT LENZ BREAKING
Here is a company that has made a break through in electric generation by rotating magnetic fields with no moving parts that creates a self sustaining without current loop back field interference source of VIRTUAL ELECTRONS:
Magnetic Power Inc’s mission is to supply the world with clean, abundant, and inexpensive electricity.
"The company is developing technology it calls Magnetic Power ModulesTM. Based upon proprietary breakthrough discoveries in MPI's labs, Magnetic Power Modules are being designed that operate continuously, without fuel, extracting electricity by converting an abundant, renewable energy source that exists everywhere in the universe. The process will create no pollution. The cost of electricity is estimated to be significantly less than any competing form of power generation today or in the foreseeable future."
www.magneticpowerinc.com/index.html
In summation, the GRAVITON is not the weak force it is the SOURCE of all the forces including electricity. If the GRAVITON is an FTL particle which I believe that it is then it also has a frequency that operates at significant ranges of frequencies above that of light. Otherwise, we would be able to see the motion of GRAVITONS. There are so many misconceptions regarding the power structure of our UNIVERSE that academia is no doubt having a very difficult time trying to patch together existing theories inorder make the data fit.
John W. Rickey
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17 years 3 months ago #18002
by Stoat
Replied by Stoat on topic Reply from Robert Turner
Hi John, ignore this post, I wrote down stuff that's simply wrong [] So back to the drawing board for it
(Edited) Hi John, I've sorted out the problem had with the boron atoms of this mag/boron superconductor. It was just the way the drawing was presented. The magnesium keeps its hexagonal structure but the boron atoms form a hexagonal structure. The result is a sandwich rather like graphite. Replace the boron with bismuth and we can get the same set up.
It's not that difficult to make the stuff either. We take bismuth and magnesium powder and mix it at about 87% bis 13% mag by weight. We pack this into a copper pipe and heat it to just below the melting point of bismuth in a vacuum. I would give this a few hours, to boil off impurities in the powder. Then up the temperature to just below the melting point of magnesium. Then take it out of the vacuum and and heat it to higher than the melting point of magnesium and metal draw the pipe into a wire.
This will be a bit of a curate's egg but good enough for test purposes. One atom thick layers of bismuth should be an ace superconductor. The one downside is that this stuff is only held together by a few electrons when its not super conducting. it would be very much like graphite, in that it would shear easily. Gawd, I sound a right grouse, if it works we could live with it's little faults. [8D]
(Edited) Hi John, I've sorted out the problem had with the boron atoms of this mag/boron superconductor. It was just the way the drawing was presented. The magnesium keeps its hexagonal structure but the boron atoms form a hexagonal structure. The result is a sandwich rather like graphite. Replace the boron with bismuth and we can get the same set up.
It's not that difficult to make the stuff either. We take bismuth and magnesium powder and mix it at about 87% bis 13% mag by weight. We pack this into a copper pipe and heat it to just below the melting point of bismuth in a vacuum. I would give this a few hours, to boil off impurities in the powder. Then up the temperature to just below the melting point of magnesium. Then take it out of the vacuum and and heat it to higher than the melting point of magnesium and metal draw the pipe into a wire.
This will be a bit of a curate's egg but good enough for test purposes. One atom thick layers of bismuth should be an ace superconductor. The one downside is that this stuff is only held together by a few electrons when its not super conducting. it would be very much like graphite, in that it would shear easily. Gawd, I sound a right grouse, if it works we could live with it's little faults. [8D]
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17 years 3 months ago #19664
by cosmicsurfer
Replied by cosmicsurfer on topic Reply from John Rickey
DARK MATTER, OR ANTIMATTER?
"The Greatest Mysteries: Where is the Rest of the Universe?
Scientists trying to create a detailed inventory of all the matter and energy in the cosmos run into a curious problem--the vast majority of it is missing.
"I call it the dark side of the universe," said Michael Turner, a cosmologist at the University of Chicago, referring to the great mysteries of dark matter and dark energy.
In fact, only 4 percent of the matter and energy in the universe has been found. The other 96 percent remains elusive, but scientists are looking in the farthest reaches of space and deepest depths of Earth to solve the two dark riddles.
Missing matter
Einstein's famous equation "E=mc^2" describes energy and matter (or mass) as one and the same--maps of the cosmos refer to the energy-matter combination as energy density, for short. The problem with detecting dark matter, thought to make up 22 percent of the universe's mass/energy pie, is that light doesn't interact with it.
But it does exhibit the tug of gravity.
Initial evidence for the mysterious matter was discovered 75 years ago when astrophysicists noticed an anomaly in a jumble of galaxies: The galactic cluster had hundreds of times more gravitational pull than it should have, far outweighing its visible mass of stars.
"We can predict the motions of the sun and planets very accurately, but when we measure distant things we see anomalies," said Scott Dodelson, an astrophysicist at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory in Illinois. "Dark matter is currently the best possible solution, even though we've never seen any of it."
Another hallmark of dark matter is gravitational lensing, similar to the effect of light passing through a piece of polished glass. Massive objects like the sun can bend light, but colossal clouds of dark matter create "bubbles" in the cosmos that magnify, distort and duplicate the light of galaxies or stars behind them.
Gravitational lensing recently exposed evidence of the unseen mass in the Bullet cluster as well as in a ring around a cluster of colliding galaxies called ZwCl0024+1652.
Particle hunt
In spite of the ghostly evidence, pieces of dark matter have yet to be pinned down by researchers. "Until we actually discover particles, we're not home yet," Dodelson said.
Particle physicists have detected neutrinos, which are extremely lightweight particles that pour out of the sun and hardly interact into ordinary matter, but Turner said they make up an extremely small fraction of dark matter in the universe.
"We arrested one of the members of the gang, but not the leader of the gang," Turner said of neutrinos. He thinks the leader is actually a WIMP: a weakly interactive, massive particle. Unfortunately, WIMPS are just a theory so far.
The thinking goes that WIMPs are very heavy, yet like neutrinos they rarely bump into matter to produce a detectable signal. But the idea that WIMPS--such as theoretical axion or neutralino particles--can bump into visible matter at all gives scientists hope.
"This is a story that may soon be at its end," Turner said, noting that the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search in the Soudan mine of Minnesota and other experiments below the ground should be sensitive enough to detect a WIMP.
The anti-gravity
Perhaps the biggest mystery of all is dark matter's big cousin, dark energy.
The invisible force is thought to be a large-scale "anti-gravity," pushing apart galactic clusters and causing the unexplainable, accelerating expansion of the universe. Turner thinks dark energy is the biggest mystery of them all--and quite literally, since physicists predict that it makes up 74 percent of energy density in the universe.
"So far, the greatest achievement with dark energy is giving it a name," Turner said of the elusive force. "We are really at the very beginning of this puzzle."
Turner described dark energy as "really weird stuff," best thought of as an elastic, repulsive gravity that can't be broken down into particles. "We know what it does, but we don't know what it is," Turner said.
While astrophysicists look deep into space to gather more details about dark energy's effects, Turner noted that theoretical physicists are focusing on explaining how the force actually works. And at this point, he joked, any physicist's explanation for dark energy is probably good enough to consider.
"We're at this very early stage, at the crime scene of dark energy's existence, if you will," Turner said. "It's a highly creative period, and now is the time for ideas."
www.space.com/scienceastronomy/070820_mm_dark_forces.html
If the fundamental principles are incorrect then we will have incorrect interpretations of the data. Why does matter dominate antimatter? My answer would be that matter does not entirely dominate antimatter (only in forward motion half of scale does matter dominate antimatter) and that we are witnessing mass regeneration because of antimatter!!!! In fact without the reverse motion of antimatter matter could not exist.
Dark Matter, Dark Energy, and the missing mass may simply be the unseen circulations formed from Matters relationship with Antimatter. If that is the case then we certainly can now see that antimatter is key to our existance. But, limited thinking prevails and we have virtually tied our hands to theories that constrain our abilities to perceive how the Universe is self regenerative. The power circuits of the Universe are looped into mass because each scale(at all levels including atomic scales) is nested in this energetic flow that forms from the greater dipolar two way flow of forward and reverse motion matter and antimatter circulations and interactions.
I predict that sub atomic scales will prove beyond a doubt that a balance exists between matter and antimatter. If we could stand back far enough to look at our scale we would be able to see the two opposites of matter and antimatter portions of dipole scale function and interact. We only experience Forward Time direction relativities, however we can observe sub scale atomic collisions that reveal Antimatter disappearing first which certainly would be predicted by a RECIPROCAL MOTION MODEL of Universe.
The expansion motion if real may be caused by our visible space being stretched apart from an outwards 'push' away from a rotational center, caused by the 'unseen' equal opposite reverse circulation that defines the motion of scale wide recycling of energies between matter and antimatter.
John W. Rickey
"The Greatest Mysteries: Where is the Rest of the Universe?
Scientists trying to create a detailed inventory of all the matter and energy in the cosmos run into a curious problem--the vast majority of it is missing.
"I call it the dark side of the universe," said Michael Turner, a cosmologist at the University of Chicago, referring to the great mysteries of dark matter and dark energy.
In fact, only 4 percent of the matter and energy in the universe has been found. The other 96 percent remains elusive, but scientists are looking in the farthest reaches of space and deepest depths of Earth to solve the two dark riddles.
Missing matter
Einstein's famous equation "E=mc^2" describes energy and matter (or mass) as one and the same--maps of the cosmos refer to the energy-matter combination as energy density, for short. The problem with detecting dark matter, thought to make up 22 percent of the universe's mass/energy pie, is that light doesn't interact with it.
But it does exhibit the tug of gravity.
Initial evidence for the mysterious matter was discovered 75 years ago when astrophysicists noticed an anomaly in a jumble of galaxies: The galactic cluster had hundreds of times more gravitational pull than it should have, far outweighing its visible mass of stars.
"We can predict the motions of the sun and planets very accurately, but when we measure distant things we see anomalies," said Scott Dodelson, an astrophysicist at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory in Illinois. "Dark matter is currently the best possible solution, even though we've never seen any of it."
Another hallmark of dark matter is gravitational lensing, similar to the effect of light passing through a piece of polished glass. Massive objects like the sun can bend light, but colossal clouds of dark matter create "bubbles" in the cosmos that magnify, distort and duplicate the light of galaxies or stars behind them.
Gravitational lensing recently exposed evidence of the unseen mass in the Bullet cluster as well as in a ring around a cluster of colliding galaxies called ZwCl0024+1652.
Particle hunt
In spite of the ghostly evidence, pieces of dark matter have yet to be pinned down by researchers. "Until we actually discover particles, we're not home yet," Dodelson said.
Particle physicists have detected neutrinos, which are extremely lightweight particles that pour out of the sun and hardly interact into ordinary matter, but Turner said they make up an extremely small fraction of dark matter in the universe.
"We arrested one of the members of the gang, but not the leader of the gang," Turner said of neutrinos. He thinks the leader is actually a WIMP: a weakly interactive, massive particle. Unfortunately, WIMPS are just a theory so far.
The thinking goes that WIMPs are very heavy, yet like neutrinos they rarely bump into matter to produce a detectable signal. But the idea that WIMPS--such as theoretical axion or neutralino particles--can bump into visible matter at all gives scientists hope.
"This is a story that may soon be at its end," Turner said, noting that the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search in the Soudan mine of Minnesota and other experiments below the ground should be sensitive enough to detect a WIMP.
The anti-gravity
Perhaps the biggest mystery of all is dark matter's big cousin, dark energy.
The invisible force is thought to be a large-scale "anti-gravity," pushing apart galactic clusters and causing the unexplainable, accelerating expansion of the universe. Turner thinks dark energy is the biggest mystery of them all--and quite literally, since physicists predict that it makes up 74 percent of energy density in the universe.
"So far, the greatest achievement with dark energy is giving it a name," Turner said of the elusive force. "We are really at the very beginning of this puzzle."
Turner described dark energy as "really weird stuff," best thought of as an elastic, repulsive gravity that can't be broken down into particles. "We know what it does, but we don't know what it is," Turner said.
While astrophysicists look deep into space to gather more details about dark energy's effects, Turner noted that theoretical physicists are focusing on explaining how the force actually works. And at this point, he joked, any physicist's explanation for dark energy is probably good enough to consider.
"We're at this very early stage, at the crime scene of dark energy's existence, if you will," Turner said. "It's a highly creative period, and now is the time for ideas."
www.space.com/scienceastronomy/070820_mm_dark_forces.html
If the fundamental principles are incorrect then we will have incorrect interpretations of the data. Why does matter dominate antimatter? My answer would be that matter does not entirely dominate antimatter (only in forward motion half of scale does matter dominate antimatter) and that we are witnessing mass regeneration because of antimatter!!!! In fact without the reverse motion of antimatter matter could not exist.
Dark Matter, Dark Energy, and the missing mass may simply be the unseen circulations formed from Matters relationship with Antimatter. If that is the case then we certainly can now see that antimatter is key to our existance. But, limited thinking prevails and we have virtually tied our hands to theories that constrain our abilities to perceive how the Universe is self regenerative. The power circuits of the Universe are looped into mass because each scale(at all levels including atomic scales) is nested in this energetic flow that forms from the greater dipolar two way flow of forward and reverse motion matter and antimatter circulations and interactions.
I predict that sub atomic scales will prove beyond a doubt that a balance exists between matter and antimatter. If we could stand back far enough to look at our scale we would be able to see the two opposites of matter and antimatter portions of dipole scale function and interact. We only experience Forward Time direction relativities, however we can observe sub scale atomic collisions that reveal Antimatter disappearing first which certainly would be predicted by a RECIPROCAL MOTION MODEL of Universe.
The expansion motion if real may be caused by our visible space being stretched apart from an outwards 'push' away from a rotational center, caused by the 'unseen' equal opposite reverse circulation that defines the motion of scale wide recycling of energies between matter and antimatter.
John W. Rickey
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17 years 2 months ago #18019
by cosmicsurfer
Replied by cosmicsurfer on topic Reply from John Rickey
THE STANDARD MODEL
“The Standard Model describes our understanding of the fundamental particles in the
context of three of the four fundamental forces of nature: the strong, weak and
electromagnetic forces. Its building blocks are illustrated schematically in Figure 1.2.
In the Standard Model, all interactions arise from the exchange of elementary
particles, called gauge bosons. The electromagnetic force results when charged
particles exchange photons (ã).
The strong force, which holds together protons and neutrons, comes from the exchange of gluons (g). The weak force, which explains radioactive decay, arises from the exchange of W and Z bosons. The W and Z are massive, unlike the photon and gluon; their mass is responsible for the weakness of the weak force. Even the simplest explanation for their mass requires a new particle, the as-yet-unobserved Higgs boson. The W and Z acquire
mass by coupling to the Higgs.
The matter particles in the Standard Model are called quarks and leptons. Quarks
carry strong charge, and leptons do not. The quarks and charged leptons also gain
mass by coupling to the Higgs. Quarks interact through all three forces. Because of the strong force, quarks are always bound in groups called mesons (quark-antiquark pairs) or baryons (quark trios). There are six quarks, called up, down, charm, strange, top and bottom. The quark masses range from a few MeV (for the up and down quarks) to 174 GeV (for the top).
The leptons do not feel the strong force, so they always appear individually. The
charged leptons interact via the weak and electromagnetic forces. There are three
such leptons, the electron, the muon (µ) and the tau (ô). The charged lepton masses
range from 0.5 MeV (for the electron) to 1.8 GeV (for the tau). The three charged
leptons have neutral partners called neutrinos. In the Standard Model, they are
massless.
The Standard Model has been dramatically confirmed by precision measurements
carried out at laboratories around the world. But recent experiments have revealed a
crack: Neutrinos have mass, something that cannot be explained by the minimal
Standard Model. Moreover, theorists have demonstrated the Standard Model itself is
mathematically inconsistent – unless a Higgs particle (or something else) appears at
the TeV scale, an energy we are just beginning to probe. These two mysteries will
guide the first steps of our journey to understand the nature of matter, energy, space
and time. “
home.fnal.gov/~dcc/btev/hepap_report.pdf
Theoretical physicist Hitoshi Murayama is an optimist. Contemplating a discipline that many think is fragmenting into ever more pieces, like a smashed vase with shards labeled "dark energy," "antineutrinos," "hidden dimensions," "charge-parity violation," "supersymmetry," and the like, Murayama sees physics coming together instead.
It may not be a serenely classical coming-together, restoring the fractured vessel of physics to a seamless work of art. Nevertheless Murayama, who is a member of Berkeley Lab's Physics Division and a professor of physics at the University of California at Berkeley, foresees an approaching "synergy at the TeV scale," the experimental and theoretical regime where energies — and masses — are measured in trillions of electron volts. (The mass of subatomic particles is routinely expressed in electron volts, a number understood to be divided by the speed of light squared. The mass of the proton is given as .938 GeV, for example, just under a billion electron volts.)
"Any of these interesting physics topics must go through the TeV scale before they can reach their own destinations," Murayama says. Experiments at the TeV scale, along with the theories that motivate them and will hopefully explain their outcomes, are "a hub where everybody has to transfer to another flight."
Up, Down, and Sideways — and Heaven and Hell
To talk about physics at the TeV scale, Murayama arranges myriad distinct problems into four groups. "Horizontal" problems deal with relationships among the three families of quarks and leptons, particles known as fermions. The families are similar except for their masses and are distinguished only by their so-called "flavors." Questions include what determines the masses of these particles; why neutrinos have any mass at all (yet so little!); and how the disparity between matter and antimatter in the universe originated.
"Vertical" problems deal largely with the particles known as bosons, which carry forces like electromagnetism and the weak force. For example, why does electric charge reduce to the same unit, that of the electron or proton? (True, quark charges are measured in one-third or two-thirds of that unit, but quarks are never found in isolation.) Can all these forces — the electromagnetic force carried by photons, the strong force carried by gluons, the weak force carried by Z and W bosons, and much weaker gravity, carried by the yet-to-be-found graviton — ever be described by a unified system?
Many (not all) horizontal and vertical problems have been a mainstay of physics since the promulgation of the Standard Model over 30 years ago. Especially within the last decade, however, new kinds of questions have arisen, what Murayama calls "questions from heaven" and "questions from hell."
Questions from heaven are cosmological: what is dark matter? What is dark energy? It's odd that the density of dark energy in the universe is only about twice the density of ordinary and dark matter plus ordinary energy; by cosmological standards that makes them almost equal. Why do we live at a time when the opposing pressures of matter and dark energy balance so neatly?
Questions from hell are just as "dark" but different: why is there anything at all in the universe? If mass and energy are equivalent, asks Murayama, "Why do particles have energy when they are just sitting around?"
Particles derive their mass (thus their energy) from a dark field that fills the universe. Murayama emphasizes that, while we have given it a name — we call it the Higgs boson — we don't know what it is. (Physicists often use the name of a field and its characteristic boson interchangeably, as in the Higgs field and the Higgs boson or bosons). When the curious potential of the Higgs field is plotted on a graph, it resembles the inside of the bottom of a wine bottle. "That's the hell we are in," says Murayama, "the bottom of the bottle."
Murayama points out that because of its strange potential, the Higgs field appears to behave like a quantum-mechanical curiosity known as a Bose-Einstein Condensate, or BEC. "A BEC is what you get when you cool a collection of particles, such as atoms, below some critical temperature," he explains. At this point they begin to behave as a single wavelike entity, a "quantum liquid" with peculiar properties. Liquid helium is such a condensate, which climbs out of any container it's put into, defying gravity, "because it somehow 'knows' that outside the container it can reach a lower potential energy."
Superconducting materials represent another form of condensate, in which cooled electrons form pairs that slide through the atoms in a crystal without resistance. Superconductors repel magnetic fields beyond a shallow penetration depth, which is why a superconductor levitates in a magnetic field. The Higgs field has an analogous effect on the weak force: the weak force, unlike the long-range forces of gravity and electromagnetism, is carried by massive bosons and can act only over short distances, as if it were being repelled by a BEC.
"Apparently we are living in a Bose-Einstein Condensate in which all particles are immersed. If we turned it off, mass would vanish and everything would fly apart in a nanosecond," Murayama says. "With atoms, you know what you started with to create a BEC, but the BEC in the universe, the Higgs field, is already there. We'll be able to use the next generation of accelerators to pump in energy, in hopes of seeing what the Higgs is made of."
Although Murayama refers to questions about the Higgs field as a "hell" problem, he concedes that "it could come from the heavens. Our keen interest is to understand the origin of the universe, with which the Higgs field is intimately related. New clues may come from learning more about dark matter and dark energy."
Harrowing Hell
Whether from heaven or hell, the next steps in the inquiry require investigations at the TeV scale. The most attractive candidates for dark matter are weakly interacting particles whose estimated masses range widely, from at least a 30th of a TeV to a 10th of a TeV or more. The mass of the Higgs boson or bosons, depending on their nature, has been estimated to be a 10th of a TeV at minimum.
To create particles this heavy will take the most powerful accelerators ever built. After CERN's Large Hadron Collider (LHC) switches on in 2007, it will soon collide two beams of protons accelerated to 7 TeV, adding up to a center-of-mass energy of 14 TeV.
Colliding protons amounts to colliding bags of quarks, so the exact energy of any given quark-quark collision is inherently uncertain. Physicists hope to follow the LHC within a few years with an International Linear Collider (ILC) capable of colliding beams of electrons and positrons at a center-of-mass energy of 1 TeV; because these are leptons, point particles, the ILC will be able to explore many phenomena with a precision unobtainable by the LHC.
At first glance, hell — that is, the Higgs field — might seem to be inaccessible to study. If the Higgs boson is an ordinary particle whose mass is some fraction of TeV, it will repel itself just as the electron does. This means that the interaction of the Higgs with other particles couldn't be studied at anywhere near the short distances at which particles interacted in the early universe, the intimacy required for a Bose-Einstein Condensate.
But just as the theoretical proposal and subsequent discovery of antimatter — specifically the electron's antiparticle, the positron — made it possible to understand how electrons were able to come close together despite charge repulsion, the notion of supersymmetry may make the Higgs field easier to understand. Just as antimatter did for ordinary matter, supersymmetry doubles the number of fundamental particles in the game.
The quantum-mechanical process by which virtual pairs of antiparticles, electrons and positrons, constantly wink in and out of existence causes annihilations among these particles, which cancel much of the electron's self-repelling energy; thus the extra energy needed to study electron interactions is easily reached by today's accelerators.
Likewise, supersymmetry suggests there is a partner for every known ordinary particle, including the Higgs boson. If the self-repelling energy of the Higgs is cancelled by its superpartners, the Higgs interactions, including self-interactions, will be accessible to TeV-scale accelerators like the LHC and the ILC.
Supersymmetry is not the only theory to be tested by the LHC. Instead of extra particles, there may be extra "large" dimensions of space, which have been proposed to explain why gravity is so much weaker than electromagnetism or even the short-range weak force. The idea is that gravity only appears weak. All the other forces are confined to our familiar three dimensions of space, while the strength of gravity is diluted by acting in four or more dimensions.
Extra dimensions would reveal themselves in TeV-scale particle collisions because not all the particles that should be there will be; some, namely gravitons, will have escaped into the extra dimensions. If so, scientists will be able to find out how many extra dimensions there are simply by measuring the rates of such events in the ILC.
"Is this a vision of hell? The Higgs field, responsible for the mass of all particles, fills the universe as a Bose-Einstein condensate, or superfluid. A graph of the field's potential takes the shape of the bottom of a wine bottle, suggesting a metaphorical hell. (Visualization of vortices in a rotating Bose-Einstein condensate by the National Institute of Standards and Technology)"
www.lbl.gov/Science-Articles/Archive/sab.../Jan/04-TEV-pt1.html
I will discuss BEC and Higgs field, and will finish post later...[took a break now I am back] Both of these above documents are very important summaries of the 'Standard Model' and problems with the existing theory, i.e.,such as Neutrino's having a mass, which is further explained in the Murayama document that attempts to reveal possible solutions with 'Standard Model' bigger picture of how "The Higgs field,[IS]responsible for the mass of all particles, [AND] fills the universe as a Bose-Einstein condensate, or superfluid."
The Murayama document is cutting edge thinking, and I find that although there still is the "early universe" big bang mentality programming this model that his explanations are the best I have seen so far. What I would like to do next is to explore TVF model of multiple scale universe and 'how duplications' work with the 'Standard Model' with in each scale, and then take my theory of imbedded lower frequency scales as a cascade with inverse mirroring of larger scales particle/energy interactions as a hyperdimensional duplicated 'Standard Model' with in each scale and show sypersymmetry as a balanced state of forward/reverse rotational motion, creating polarity, zero points, and the 'cause' for entire Universe.
John W. Rickey
“The Standard Model describes our understanding of the fundamental particles in the
context of three of the four fundamental forces of nature: the strong, weak and
electromagnetic forces. Its building blocks are illustrated schematically in Figure 1.2.
In the Standard Model, all interactions arise from the exchange of elementary
particles, called gauge bosons. The electromagnetic force results when charged
particles exchange photons (ã).
The strong force, which holds together protons and neutrons, comes from the exchange of gluons (g). The weak force, which explains radioactive decay, arises from the exchange of W and Z bosons. The W and Z are massive, unlike the photon and gluon; their mass is responsible for the weakness of the weak force. Even the simplest explanation for their mass requires a new particle, the as-yet-unobserved Higgs boson. The W and Z acquire
mass by coupling to the Higgs.
The matter particles in the Standard Model are called quarks and leptons. Quarks
carry strong charge, and leptons do not. The quarks and charged leptons also gain
mass by coupling to the Higgs. Quarks interact through all three forces. Because of the strong force, quarks are always bound in groups called mesons (quark-antiquark pairs) or baryons (quark trios). There are six quarks, called up, down, charm, strange, top and bottom. The quark masses range from a few MeV (for the up and down quarks) to 174 GeV (for the top).
The leptons do not feel the strong force, so they always appear individually. The
charged leptons interact via the weak and electromagnetic forces. There are three
such leptons, the electron, the muon (µ) and the tau (ô). The charged lepton masses
range from 0.5 MeV (for the electron) to 1.8 GeV (for the tau). The three charged
leptons have neutral partners called neutrinos. In the Standard Model, they are
massless.
The Standard Model has been dramatically confirmed by precision measurements
carried out at laboratories around the world. But recent experiments have revealed a
crack: Neutrinos have mass, something that cannot be explained by the minimal
Standard Model. Moreover, theorists have demonstrated the Standard Model itself is
mathematically inconsistent – unless a Higgs particle (or something else) appears at
the TeV scale, an energy we are just beginning to probe. These two mysteries will
guide the first steps of our journey to understand the nature of matter, energy, space
and time. “
home.fnal.gov/~dcc/btev/hepap_report.pdf
Theoretical physicist Hitoshi Murayama is an optimist. Contemplating a discipline that many think is fragmenting into ever more pieces, like a smashed vase with shards labeled "dark energy," "antineutrinos," "hidden dimensions," "charge-parity violation," "supersymmetry," and the like, Murayama sees physics coming together instead.
It may not be a serenely classical coming-together, restoring the fractured vessel of physics to a seamless work of art. Nevertheless Murayama, who is a member of Berkeley Lab's Physics Division and a professor of physics at the University of California at Berkeley, foresees an approaching "synergy at the TeV scale," the experimental and theoretical regime where energies — and masses — are measured in trillions of electron volts. (The mass of subatomic particles is routinely expressed in electron volts, a number understood to be divided by the speed of light squared. The mass of the proton is given as .938 GeV, for example, just under a billion electron volts.)
"Any of these interesting physics topics must go through the TeV scale before they can reach their own destinations," Murayama says. Experiments at the TeV scale, along with the theories that motivate them and will hopefully explain their outcomes, are "a hub where everybody has to transfer to another flight."
Up, Down, and Sideways — and Heaven and Hell
To talk about physics at the TeV scale, Murayama arranges myriad distinct problems into four groups. "Horizontal" problems deal with relationships among the three families of quarks and leptons, particles known as fermions. The families are similar except for their masses and are distinguished only by their so-called "flavors." Questions include what determines the masses of these particles; why neutrinos have any mass at all (yet so little!); and how the disparity between matter and antimatter in the universe originated.
"Vertical" problems deal largely with the particles known as bosons, which carry forces like electromagnetism and the weak force. For example, why does electric charge reduce to the same unit, that of the electron or proton? (True, quark charges are measured in one-third or two-thirds of that unit, but quarks are never found in isolation.) Can all these forces — the electromagnetic force carried by photons, the strong force carried by gluons, the weak force carried by Z and W bosons, and much weaker gravity, carried by the yet-to-be-found graviton — ever be described by a unified system?
Many (not all) horizontal and vertical problems have been a mainstay of physics since the promulgation of the Standard Model over 30 years ago. Especially within the last decade, however, new kinds of questions have arisen, what Murayama calls "questions from heaven" and "questions from hell."
Questions from heaven are cosmological: what is dark matter? What is dark energy? It's odd that the density of dark energy in the universe is only about twice the density of ordinary and dark matter plus ordinary energy; by cosmological standards that makes them almost equal. Why do we live at a time when the opposing pressures of matter and dark energy balance so neatly?
Questions from hell are just as "dark" but different: why is there anything at all in the universe? If mass and energy are equivalent, asks Murayama, "Why do particles have energy when they are just sitting around?"
Particles derive their mass (thus their energy) from a dark field that fills the universe. Murayama emphasizes that, while we have given it a name — we call it the Higgs boson — we don't know what it is. (Physicists often use the name of a field and its characteristic boson interchangeably, as in the Higgs field and the Higgs boson or bosons). When the curious potential of the Higgs field is plotted on a graph, it resembles the inside of the bottom of a wine bottle. "That's the hell we are in," says Murayama, "the bottom of the bottle."
Murayama points out that because of its strange potential, the Higgs field appears to behave like a quantum-mechanical curiosity known as a Bose-Einstein Condensate, or BEC. "A BEC is what you get when you cool a collection of particles, such as atoms, below some critical temperature," he explains. At this point they begin to behave as a single wavelike entity, a "quantum liquid" with peculiar properties. Liquid helium is such a condensate, which climbs out of any container it's put into, defying gravity, "because it somehow 'knows' that outside the container it can reach a lower potential energy."
Superconducting materials represent another form of condensate, in which cooled electrons form pairs that slide through the atoms in a crystal without resistance. Superconductors repel magnetic fields beyond a shallow penetration depth, which is why a superconductor levitates in a magnetic field. The Higgs field has an analogous effect on the weak force: the weak force, unlike the long-range forces of gravity and electromagnetism, is carried by massive bosons and can act only over short distances, as if it were being repelled by a BEC.
"Apparently we are living in a Bose-Einstein Condensate in which all particles are immersed. If we turned it off, mass would vanish and everything would fly apart in a nanosecond," Murayama says. "With atoms, you know what you started with to create a BEC, but the BEC in the universe, the Higgs field, is already there. We'll be able to use the next generation of accelerators to pump in energy, in hopes of seeing what the Higgs is made of."
Although Murayama refers to questions about the Higgs field as a "hell" problem, he concedes that "it could come from the heavens. Our keen interest is to understand the origin of the universe, with which the Higgs field is intimately related. New clues may come from learning more about dark matter and dark energy."
Harrowing Hell
Whether from heaven or hell, the next steps in the inquiry require investigations at the TeV scale. The most attractive candidates for dark matter are weakly interacting particles whose estimated masses range widely, from at least a 30th of a TeV to a 10th of a TeV or more. The mass of the Higgs boson or bosons, depending on their nature, has been estimated to be a 10th of a TeV at minimum.
To create particles this heavy will take the most powerful accelerators ever built. After CERN's Large Hadron Collider (LHC) switches on in 2007, it will soon collide two beams of protons accelerated to 7 TeV, adding up to a center-of-mass energy of 14 TeV.
Colliding protons amounts to colliding bags of quarks, so the exact energy of any given quark-quark collision is inherently uncertain. Physicists hope to follow the LHC within a few years with an International Linear Collider (ILC) capable of colliding beams of electrons and positrons at a center-of-mass energy of 1 TeV; because these are leptons, point particles, the ILC will be able to explore many phenomena with a precision unobtainable by the LHC.
At first glance, hell — that is, the Higgs field — might seem to be inaccessible to study. If the Higgs boson is an ordinary particle whose mass is some fraction of TeV, it will repel itself just as the electron does. This means that the interaction of the Higgs with other particles couldn't be studied at anywhere near the short distances at which particles interacted in the early universe, the intimacy required for a Bose-Einstein Condensate.
But just as the theoretical proposal and subsequent discovery of antimatter — specifically the electron's antiparticle, the positron — made it possible to understand how electrons were able to come close together despite charge repulsion, the notion of supersymmetry may make the Higgs field easier to understand. Just as antimatter did for ordinary matter, supersymmetry doubles the number of fundamental particles in the game.
The quantum-mechanical process by which virtual pairs of antiparticles, electrons and positrons, constantly wink in and out of existence causes annihilations among these particles, which cancel much of the electron's self-repelling energy; thus the extra energy needed to study electron interactions is easily reached by today's accelerators.
Likewise, supersymmetry suggests there is a partner for every known ordinary particle, including the Higgs boson. If the self-repelling energy of the Higgs is cancelled by its superpartners, the Higgs interactions, including self-interactions, will be accessible to TeV-scale accelerators like the LHC and the ILC.
Supersymmetry is not the only theory to be tested by the LHC. Instead of extra particles, there may be extra "large" dimensions of space, which have been proposed to explain why gravity is so much weaker than electromagnetism or even the short-range weak force. The idea is that gravity only appears weak. All the other forces are confined to our familiar three dimensions of space, while the strength of gravity is diluted by acting in four or more dimensions.
Extra dimensions would reveal themselves in TeV-scale particle collisions because not all the particles that should be there will be; some, namely gravitons, will have escaped into the extra dimensions. If so, scientists will be able to find out how many extra dimensions there are simply by measuring the rates of such events in the ILC.
"Is this a vision of hell? The Higgs field, responsible for the mass of all particles, fills the universe as a Bose-Einstein condensate, or superfluid. A graph of the field's potential takes the shape of the bottom of a wine bottle, suggesting a metaphorical hell. (Visualization of vortices in a rotating Bose-Einstein condensate by the National Institute of Standards and Technology)"
www.lbl.gov/Science-Articles/Archive/sab.../Jan/04-TEV-pt1.html
I will discuss BEC and Higgs field, and will finish post later...[took a break now I am back] Both of these above documents are very important summaries of the 'Standard Model' and problems with the existing theory, i.e.,such as Neutrino's having a mass, which is further explained in the Murayama document that attempts to reveal possible solutions with 'Standard Model' bigger picture of how "The Higgs field,[IS]responsible for the mass of all particles, [AND] fills the universe as a Bose-Einstein condensate, or superfluid."
The Murayama document is cutting edge thinking, and I find that although there still is the "early universe" big bang mentality programming this model that his explanations are the best I have seen so far. What I would like to do next is to explore TVF model of multiple scale universe and 'how duplications' work with the 'Standard Model' with in each scale, and then take my theory of imbedded lower frequency scales as a cascade with inverse mirroring of larger scales particle/energy interactions as a hyperdimensional duplicated 'Standard Model' with in each scale and show sypersymmetry as a balanced state of forward/reverse rotational motion, creating polarity, zero points, and the 'cause' for entire Universe.
John W. Rickey
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17 years 2 months ago #19899
by Stoat
Replied by Stoat on topic Reply from Robert Turner
Hi John, when I was looking at quarks in a proton, I fretted over the need for forty nine extra virtual quarks. Then realized that they were looking for the supposed relativistic mass increase due to the accelerator. i don't believe that happens, so we can dump them. Say that a proton just has the three quarks.
Now this "electron like" node that can connect the quark shadows into a star delta circuit in a proton, is not seen. yet i've argued that it is the inertial point of the proton. In another thread I've argued that a negative refractive index of space would be invisible. In a bec only ftl particles that have been slowed to light speed can see this thing, and then only just. To balance inertial energy and gravitational energy requires a neg. r.i. of minus one. This electron like thing is rotating at twice the speed of light!! But it's in a bec, so it can be seen by ftl particles. So let's drop its rotation to c, in order to let it connect back into the "ordinary" electromagnetic universe that we all know and love.
In the thread on the LHC at CERN I suggested that these guys are quietly dropping Einstein and switching to Lorontz. I think they are thinking along the lines of ftl gravitons but are keeping quiet about that as well.
Nice article by the way, It's good to see that someone with a brain is talking about a bec universe as well[8D] The sad bit is, that this puts us firmly into the "leakage current" area of a rectifier. I woul like the universe to be about five miles across[] That would take in the shops, beach and beauty spots round where I live. [][8D]
Now this "electron like" node that can connect the quark shadows into a star delta circuit in a proton, is not seen. yet i've argued that it is the inertial point of the proton. In another thread I've argued that a negative refractive index of space would be invisible. In a bec only ftl particles that have been slowed to light speed can see this thing, and then only just. To balance inertial energy and gravitational energy requires a neg. r.i. of minus one. This electron like thing is rotating at twice the speed of light!! But it's in a bec, so it can be seen by ftl particles. So let's drop its rotation to c, in order to let it connect back into the "ordinary" electromagnetic universe that we all know and love.
In the thread on the LHC at CERN I suggested that these guys are quietly dropping Einstein and switching to Lorontz. I think they are thinking along the lines of ftl gravitons but are keeping quiet about that as well.
Nice article by the way, It's good to see that someone with a brain is talking about a bec universe as well[8D] The sad bit is, that this puts us firmly into the "leakage current" area of a rectifier. I woul like the universe to be about five miles across[] That would take in the shops, beach and beauty spots round where I live. [][8D]
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