The entropy of systems

GD, The process transforming energy into matter has not yet been discovered and just maybe its undiscovered because no one has done a search for it. Its like when the Romans could have advanced into the age of mechanical power but did not. So it might be helpful to know why they failed and to also know we are just as foolish as they were in thinking we know because our system works so well. The thing is it works so well compared to what?

Jim,

I had to write a few words to explain the relationship between energy transfer, entropy, and the evolution of a system without any outside help...

I have a few paragraphs which could explain it all:

First, I have the text below, which was posted on page 28 on this thread, then I have two other definitions taken from "Oxford Dictionary of Science":

1) "Thermal or "work" entropy, as generally defined, is the energy in an isolated system which on principle cannot be transformed to work. Entropy characterizes the degradation of energy inherent in the operation of any engine or process of energy transformation, typically manifest as "heat loss": the same energy cannot be used twice to produce the same net work. These ideas imply the conservation of energy and the impossibility of a perpetual motion machine. Entropy is a principle safeguarding energy conservation, allowing the transformation of energy. Entropy prevents the abuse of energy; without the principle of entropy, energy conservation would prevent any use or transformation of energy at all.".....

....."So essential is the connection between entropy and energy conservation that entropy is an embedded physical characteristic of energy ...."

2) "Self- organization:
The spontaneous order arising in a system when certain parameters of the system reach critical values. Self organization occurs in many systems physics, chemistry, and biology... Since a self organizing system is open to its environment, the second law of thermodynamics is not violated by the formation of an ordered phase, as entropy can be transfered to the environment. Self organization is related to the concepts of broken symmetry, COMPLEXITY, nonlinearity, and non-equilibrium statistical mechanics..."

3) " Complexity:
The levels of self- organization of a system. In physical systems, complexity is associated with broken symmetry and the ability of a system to have different states between which it can make phase transitions.It is also associated with having coherence in space over a long range... It is not necessary for a system to have a large number of degrees of freedom in order for complexity to occur..."

Energy transfer from matter to the environment produces forces which cause motion.
From the Big Bang (less degrees of freedom) to today (more degrees of freedom) the universe "organized" itself from simple to complex with time. the connection between entropy and energy conservation is what makes this possible.

This is how energy transfer causes change with time and motion...

Hi GD. Its been a while since this link has been visited by anyone-good to know some interest still lives on. You know entrophy is about heat and not about energy. Heat and energy get confused most of the time but they are not interchangable concepts. Heat is one of several effects that are observed when energy interacts with matter and energy is something basic as is matter. It would be a good thing to itemize all the effects observed when energy and matter interact and maybe attempt to explain the effects.

Jim,

As I found out, I have been trying to describe energy and exergy as one. I wonder why they separated the two. (Or have they?)
Is there a link between energy, force, motion and work?

"-Energy of a system is its ability to produce motion.
-Exergy of a system is its ability to produce work."

Sorry then.... I will have to do a bit more reading...

GD,
Thanks for introducing the word, exergy. I never hear it before, but it sounds a lot like what I've been calling "disentropy" for the last forty years. In college, I was taught that the Earth absorbs low-entropy visible light from the sun and radiates high-entropy heat into space; what remains behind is disentropy. Now, I can't even find "disentropy" in any online dictionary. So is exergy the difference between energy input and used up energy output? Is life a form of exergy?

Fractal Foam Model of Universes: Creator

<blockquote id="quote"><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" id="quote">quote:<hr height="1" noshade id="quote"><i>Originally posted by PhilJ</i>
<br />... Is life a form of exergy?
<hr height="1" noshade id="quote"></blockquote id="quote"></font id="quote">

Hello PhilJ,

I found a document which explains exergy (chapter 4). Please see link below)
www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/3/3/116

I have seen the term exergy in other writings on subjects such as thermodynamics. Searching the web, so far I have seen work from Mr. Spakovsky and others.

Yes, I think life is the result of evolution from a simple system to a complex one. A system has the ability to change with time because entropy is an integral part of matter and energy.
A self-organizing system is not in equilibrium since it uses energy to produce change.
If we think this is possible, then the contents of the universe are open to its environment, but the universe needs to be a closed system.

So then... How would Einstein's equation look like to reflect this?