Requiem for Relativity

Mass has density. Space has no measureable density. If, as in the second law of thermodymanics, two bodies react in such a way as to minimize the differential in their properties, couldn't space become more dense and matter less (although not necessarily measurably so) dense. And would this not produce the same effect as gravity?

I'd procrastinate, but I can't seem to find the time

(Clarification of previous post: "hydrogen gas" refers to atomic hydrogen, not molecular hydrogen.)

In earlier posts to this thread I discussed the large asteroids which, near Dec. 2012, will align with the Sun and Barbarossa and which have near the minimum observed rotation period (about 5 hr). I discuss the published determinations of their rotation axes, which indicate that at least two of them, and maybe all four of them, have about the same rotation axis. When I tried to get the lightcurve data on the other two, so that I could calculate their rotation axes myself, I met with uncooperation from the possessors of those lightcurves; such uncooperation, which amounts to theft, often occurs when public funds are entrusted to quasi-private organizations. I found the lightcurves published online to be too ambiguously and spottily presented, but I might find time to study them again. I did complain to my Congressman about the unwillingness of these grant-funded lightcurve researchers to really, fully share their data with the public (they ignored my substantive Freedom of Information Act request) but apparently he wasn't able to do enough.

The most accurate determination of any of those asteroid axes, might be the Keck telescope determination for 511 Davida: RA 295, Decl 0 (Conrad et al, Icarus, 2007). The error bars of Conrad's figure were relatively small; the rotation axis was found directly from the projected shape of the asteroid rather than the usual way from lightcurves. This is suspiciously close to the rotation axis of Uranus, whose "North" pole (i.e. North of the ecliptic, but clockwise like Earth's South pole) has RA 257.3, Decl -15.2 (from online reference source www.cseligman.com ). The difference is 40.3 degrees which might at first glance not seem impressive, but which is significant at p=0.24, allowing that either pole of Uranus could as well have been near Davida's.

Furthermore Uranus also aligns fairly well with Barbarossa and the Sun, in Dec. 2012. By my estimate, Barbarossa's barycentric (barycenter of known solar system per JPL) J2000 astrometric celestial coordinates at 12.0h UT Dec. 21, 2012, are RA 11:27:46.95, Decl -9:22:53.1. The JPL Horizons ephemeris offers only heliocentric coordinates for Uranus, but for Barbarossa, heliocentric coords. differ only about an arcsecond from barycentric coords. The JPL heliocentric J2000 astrometric coords. for Uranus at the same time are: RA 6.94508, Decl 2.22893. This is 16.0 deg away from diametric opposition to Barbarossa; out of a 360 arc, this separation from 0 or 180, is significant at p = 16*4/360 = 0.18.

The 6000 thousand years is not the creation of the world, rather
the day that Adam and his wife sinned and began to die
other wise they would still be alive ..

MARX

What's to say about Bishop Ussher? In the seventeenth century it was considered a perfectly valid form of intellectual enquiry to study the chronology of the Earth from "historical" texts. There's no doubt that Ussher was a brilliant man. Incredibly well read, knowledgeable of astronomy and the calendar, and also gifted in ancient languages. He also had access to the libraries of both Trinity Dublin and Oxford.

Well it's entirely possible that he took note of some arcane bit of knowledge but didn't but didn't draw attention to it. His Christian agenda was foremost, yet he may well have arrived at his date by using a best fit with this possible arcane knowledge.

I think that's what Dr. Keller is saying, and not that the world was created about six thousand years ago. A mangled folk memory of some cataclysmic event in our recent past then.

The trouble is, that I don't see any real evidence of that. For a quick overview of "The daughters of Eve" see this www.ramsdale.org/dna10.htm We don't have as yet a good map of the migrations into the Americas but there's nothing to suggest anything truly strange in terms of cranial diversity taking place. Cranial diversity decreases with distance from the home of ancestral Eve in Eastern Africa. It also decreases where "bottlenecks" occur. people had to wait for the climate to change to allow migration into the Americas via Alaska. Yet it looks as though people from Japan, China and Australia were already there.

In Wales, we have the skeleton of a young man, called "the Red Lady of Paviland." Dated to about 33,000 BP A young lad who would have seen wooly rhinos in the Welsh countryside. Yet the ice age forced everyone from the British Isles across the land bridge into the arctic tundra regions of France. Then the hunter gatherers returned about twelve thousand years ago. What seems to have induced them to settle and domestic animals, was a cultural crisis but born out of their very success. The population grew in other words.

More About the Asteroid Resonance with Barbarossa

Today on the "JPL small-body database browser" I find the rotation periods

511 Davida 5.131h
39 Laetitia 5.138h
947 Monterosa 5.164h
1717 Arlon 5.1484h

The difference between the shortest & longest of these periods is only 0.6% = 119 sec. As I noted in my post months ago, there are no other asteroids whose rotation periods are known to lie in this interval, and there are almost no asteroids whose rotation periods are known to be less than this. So it is fair to say that this is the entire known set of asteroids whose rotation period clusters near the minimum.

According to the JPL Horizons ephemeris, the heliocentric J2000 ecliptic longitudes of these asteroids at 12.0h UT, Dec. 21, 2012, are

Davida 350.79 deg
Laetitia 174.48 deg
Monterosa 179.47
Arlon 174.32
(Uranus 7.26)

By my 2009 calculation, Barbarossa's astrometric heliocentric J2000 ecliptic longitude then is 176.369. So, three of the four asteroids lie within 3.1 deg of Barbarossa's longitude as seen from the Sun (p=0.0020%); Davida is not near conjunction with Barbarossa, but is only 5.6 deg of longitude, away from opposition, as seen from the Sun. For all four to be within 5.6 deg, of either conjunction or opposition, gives p=0.0015%.

I've mentioned the additional coincidence, that Davida and Laetitia, the two of these asteroids whose rotation axes have been published, have, at least roughly, the same rotation axis. I've also mentioned that Uranus has roughly this same rotation axis and also is near opposition to Barbarossa. Another important coincidence, is that the "Barbarossa period" is near a whole or half-whole multiple of the orbital periods of all five of these bodies:

Uranus sidereal orbital period (NASA fact sheet) = 30685.4d = 84.0120 Julian yr; Uranus period * 75.5 = 6342.91 Julian yr

(The orbital periods of the asteroids are from the JPL small-body database, which claims that the five digits after the decimal are significant, except maybe for Monterosa.)

Davida 2056.39360d * 1126 = 6339.491 Julian yr
Laetitia 1681.63423d * 1377 = 6339.796 Julian yr
Monterosa 1665.95170d * 1390 = 6339.967 Julian yr
Arlon 1188.47218d * 1948.5 = 6340.145 Julian yr

Half an orbital period for these asteroids, is only about two years, but the phase relationship is significant. At 6339.491 Julian yr, when the phase of Davida is zero, I find that the phase of Laetitia is -24deg, the phase of Monterosa -38 deg, the phase of Arlon -72+180 = +108 deg, and the phase of Uranus -15+180 = +165 deg. Plotted on the unit circle, these phases give five lines all through Quadrants II & IV, none through Quadrants I & III. So, not only do the four asteroids and one major planet align with Barbarossa in Dec. 2012; this alignment tends to recur about every 6340 yr.

In Feb. 2007, I found Barbarossa quickly on sky surveys, because I assumed it would be near the positive CMB dipole. However, these four asteroids plus Uranus, on Dec. 21, 2012, match Barbarossa's heliocentric ecliptic longitude better than they do the heliocentric ecliptic longitude of the (+) CMB dipole (171.82 deg, according to the online NASA Lambda conversion utility applied to the galactic coords. given by Lineweaver in 1996; from my Dec. 16, 2008 post).

Four of the five bodies are nearer in longitude to Barbarossa or Barbarossa + 180, than to the (+) dipole or (+) dipole + 180; only Davida is nearer to the dipole+180 than to Barbarossa+180. The sum of squared differences from Barbarossa's longitude is 167; from the dipole's, 311. Excluding Uranus, and including only the four asteroids, those figures become 49 & 73, resp. The mean of the longitudes of the five bodies (modulo 180) is 177.26; the sum of squared differences from the mean is 163.

The 5.145 hr Davida-Laetitia-Monterosa-Arlon rotation period resonates with Uranus' major moons' orbits

If the rotation periods of the four asteroids of the preceding post, are taken as independent, equally weighted estimates of a fundamental rotation period "P1", then that period is 5.14535 hr +/- 0.00717 hr (Standard Error of the Mean). Another important rotation period, would be that of Uranus; the NASA fact sheet gives 17.24 hr using "magnetic coordinates" (one of several reasonable ways to define the period precisely).

Both these ~5 hr and ~17 hr periods, which I'll call "P1" & "P2", resp., resonate with the differences in the anomalies (i.e. the separation angles) of the large moons of Uranus:

Miranda laps Ariel with period equal to 15.012 * P1
Miranda laps Umbriel, 10.006 * P1
Ariel laps Umbriel, 30.003 * P1

There are 5*4/2=10 such differences for the five moons, so approximately p = 0.012*2*0.006*2*0.003*2*(combinations of 10 things 3 at a time) = 0.02%.

The resonance is less strong, with Uranus' rotation period ("P2"):

Miranda laps Umbriel, 2.986 * P2
Ariel laps Umbriel, 8.955 * P2
Umbriel laps Titania, 11.010 * P2

giving p = 0.014*2*0.045*2*0.010*2*(combinations of 10 things 3 at a time) = 0.6%.

The major moons of Saturn show only a slight tendency for the periods of the differences in their anomalies, to be multiples of P1. The NASA fact sheet lists eight "major" moons for Saturn. Two of the 8*7/2=28 periods of differences, are about 0.01 away from a whole multiple of P1, and one is about 0.02 away. So p = 0.01^2*0.02*2^3*(combs. of 28 things 3 at a time) = 5%.

The Galilean satellites of Jupiter also show a slight tendency. Two of the 4*3/2=6 periods of differences are about 0.04 away from whole multiples of P1. So, p = 0.04^2*2^2*(combs. of 6 things 2 at a time) = 10%.

The two moons of Mars have period, for their difference, equal to 1.990 * P1, giving simply p = 2%. If the difference of the orbital frequencies is quantized and cannot change, then as tidal drag theoretically lowers the orbit of Phobos to a surface grazing orbit with period 1.668hr, Deimos must descend also, to period 1.991hr.

The five major moons of Uranus, show a rare alignment on Dec. 21, 2012. I'll give these times according to the JPL Horizons online ephemeris: they are times as seen from the Sun's center; i.e., the astrometric times are 2.23h earlier. Ariel's maximum distance from the Sun, during its course around Uranus, occurs at about 19h UT on that date. The minimum distances of Miranda, Umbriel and Titania, occur at 18h, 17h and 15h, resp. (their orbital periods range from 1.4 to 8.7 days).

Likewise, as seen from the Sun's center, the apparent ecliptic latitude of Ariel equals that of Uranus, at 19.3h UT. For Miranda, Umbriel & Titania, the latitude equals that of Uranus, at 17.9, 17.5 & 15.3h resp. Let's calculate, how rare it is, to have the situation at 17.5h UT (15.3h astrometric time), when Miranda, Ariel & Titania are resp. 0.4, 1.8 & 2.2h away from achievement of the heliocentric latitude of Uranus:

0.4*1.8*2.2*4^3 / (1.41*2.52*8.71*24^3) = 1/4220.

This occurs on an exact half orbit of Umbriel, only once in 4.144d / 2 * 4220 = 24 yr. So, only about 4 hr after the solstice on Dec. 21, 2012, the four inner major moons of Uranus achieve a perfection of alignment, in Uranus' orbital plane (the effect of the tilt here of Uranus' orbital plane vis-a-vis the ecliptic, is barely significant at this precision) that occurs on average only once in 24 yr.

Summarizing the analogy between the asteroids Davida, Laetitia, Monterosa & Arlon, and the innermost major Uranian moons Miranda, Ariel & Umbriel:

1a. The asteroids rotate with very nearly the 5.145h period.

1b. The moons lap each other with very nearly whole multiples of the 5.145h period (the moons' rotation and revolution periods are equal).

2a. The asteroids align with Barbarossa (alternatively, the positive CMB dipole) and the Sun, in Dec. 2012.

2b. The moons, together with the next innermost major moon, Titania, lie near Uranus' orbital plane at about 15h UT astrometric time on Dec. 21, 2012; this happens with such perfection, only about every 24 years on average. Since their orbits lie in Uranus' equatorial plane, the moons then lie on the intersection of two planes, i.e., a line. This line passes through Uranus.