Test #2: Galaxy number counts versus redshift
Results of this test6, taken at face value, do not agree with expansion models unless ad hoc evolutionary corrections are applied, and the universe is open.
q0 <= 0 is implied for the cosmic deceleration parameter. These results do, however, agree with static models. As before, the static models are without benefit of extra parameters. In expansion models, the evolutionary corrections must already be important at a redshift of 0.4, where galaxies were thought to be only very mildly different from those in the present universe, according to the big bang model. So this test, too, favors static models over expanding ones.