Cyclic Universe

Pluto, Don't you think any of the proposed recyling cosmolgy models are better than the BB model? One big difference is all recycling models require more 15 billion years to recycle. The models you dug up would be ~30by to recycle. And others need 1,000 times that much time.

G'day Jim

Recycle is a process some cycles require a simple fission/fusion, some cycles may take from a day to a few billion years. If you look at the super compacted matter that are called super black holes would take for ever to recycle, i read somewhere 10^69 years, there abouts.

Stars go through their phases much quicker from a few million years to a few billion years, from dating 10^15 GYrs about.

I'm not trying to dig up models, its just that I do not know and not knowing forces me to research and read and read, but! the more I read the more I find that I know very little.


arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0602500

Magnitude-Redshift Relation for SNe Ia, Time Dilation, and Plasma Redshift

Authors: Ari Brynjolfsson
(Submitted on 22 Feb 2006)

<blockquote id="quote"><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" id="quote">quote:<hr height="1" noshade id="quote">Abstract: We have previously shown that the type Ia supernovae data by Riess et al. match the prediction of the magnitude-redshift relation in the plasma-redshift cosmology. In this article, we also show that the recent SNLS data, which have a slightly narrower distribution as reported by Astier et al. in 2005, match the predictions of the plasma-redshift cosmology. The standard deviation of the SNLS-magnitude from the predicted curve is only about 0.14. The data indicate that there is no cosmic time dilation. The big-bang cosmology therefore appears false. The plasma redshift, which follows from exact evaluation of photons interaction with hot sparse electron plasma, leads to a quasi-static, infinite, and everlasting universe. It does not need big bang, dark energy, or dark matter for describing the observations. It predicts intrinsic redshifts of galaxies consistent with what is observed. The Hubble constant that best fits the SNLS data is about 63 km per sec per Mpc. This corresponds to an average electron density of about 0.0002 per cubic centimeter in intergalactic space. This density together with the plasma redshift heating to an average plasma temperature in intergalactic space of about 3 million K explains the observed isotropic cosmic microwave background (CMB) and the cosmic X-ray background.<hr height="1" noshade id="quote"></blockquote id="quote"></font id="quote">

arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0605599

Surface brightness in plasma-redshift cosmology

Authors: Ari Brynjolfsson
(Submitted on 23 May 2006 (v1), last revised 31 May 2006 (this version, v2))

<blockquote id="quote"><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" id="quote">quote:<hr height="1" noshade id="quote">Abstract: In 2001 Lori M. Lubin and Allan Sandage, using big-bang cosmology for interpreting the data, found the surface brightness of galaxies to be inversely proportional to about the third power of (1+z), while the contemporary big-bang cosmology predicts that the surface brightness is inversely proportional to the fourth power of (1+z). In contrast, these surface brightness observations are in agreement with the predictions of the plasma-redshift cosmology. Lubin and Sandage (2001) and Barden et al. (2005), who surmised the big-bang expansion, interpreted the observations to indicate that the diameters of galaxies are inversely proportional to (1+z). In contrast, when assuming plasma-redshift cosmology, the diameters of galaxies are observed to be constant independent of redshift and any expansion. Lubin and Sandage (2001) and Barden et al. (2005), when using big-bang cosmology, observed the average absolute magnitude of galaxies to decrease with redshift; while in plasma redshift cosmology it is a constant. Lubin and Sandage and Barden et al. suggested that a coherent evolution could explain the discrepancy between the observed relations and those predicted in the big-bang cosmology. We have failed to find support for this explanation. We consider the observed relations between the redshift and the surface-brightness, the galaxy diameter, and the absolute magnitude to be robust confirmations of plasma-redshift cosmology.<hr height="1" noshade id="quote"></blockquote id="quote"></font id="quote">

In my opinion the cyclic universe is a simple process without thinking along the Big Bang theory.

The main process is matter going into a compacted degenerate matter and coming out via jets and reforming. If we ever understand this process it will be the key to unlock the ongoing universe.












Smile and live another day

Hi Pluto, Its all models don't you think? No one knows anything about this stuff and most of it is silly ideas like whats found in the comics. Anyway, you got the right way to go-just keep on searching and keep an open mind.

<blockquote id="quote"><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" id="quote">quote:<hr height="1" noshade id="quote"><i>Originally posted by Pluto</i>
<br />... plasma-redshift ...
<hr height="1" noshade id="quote"></blockquote id="quote"></font id="quote">
The high shifts are produced by a CREIL effect when light crosses a gas containing hydrogen in states 2S or 2P. This gas may be a plasma, for instance in SNR1987A (redshift), or the solar wind cooled beyond 5-10 AU (blueshift of the radio signals). But it may be simply atomic hydrogen enlightened by far UV (Lyman alpha) around the quasars.

G'day from the land of ozzzzzz

Hello Jim,,,,,,,,yes ,,,,,just models.

Thank you JMB.

Being interested in the cyclic universe I wandered how the cyclic process would function.

I came across these links to expalin the formation of Jets from compacted matter.

2006RvMP...78..755R
scitation.aip.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsS...dtype=cvips&gifs=yes

Experimental astrophysics with high power lasers and Z pinches

<blockquote id="quote"><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" id="quote">quote:<hr height="1" noshade id="quote">Abstract: We present an X-ray investigation of the elliptical galaxy NGC 507 in the Pisces cluster. We make use of archival ROSAT HRI and Chandra data, and of previously published PSPC data, to connect the large-scale structure of the halo to the core morphology. Our analysis, based on a bidimensional double beta model of the halo surface brightness, shows that the halo core (r&lt;2-3re) and the external halo (r&gt;3re) are characterized by different dynamical properties and suggests a different origin of the two components. The halo core has a complex morphology with a main X-ray emission peak, coincident with the center of the optical galaxy, and several secondary peaks. The spatial and spectral analysis of the central peak shows that this feature is produced by denser hot gas in the galaxy core. While both homogeneous and inhomogeneous cooling flow models predict a deposited mass exceeding the observed amount, our data support the scenario in which the gas is kinetically heated by stellar mass losses. Comparison with previously published studies suggests that the core of an X-ray extended galaxy is associated with the stellar distribution and has properties similar to the X-ray halos of compact galaxies. The secondary peaks are due instead to interactions between the radio-emitting plasma and the surrounding ISM, producing density fluctuations in the hot gas. We find that the energy input by the central radio source in the ISM is large enough to prevent gas cooling and may explain the failure of the cooling flow models. The total mass profile derived from the bidimensional model shows that a significant amount of dark matter is present at large radii. The dark halo extends on cluster scales and is likely associated with the whole cluster rather than with NGC 507. This structure is typical of many X-ray-bright early-type galaxies and may explain the spatial and spectral differences with X-ray compact galaxies largely debated in the literature. The large-scale surface brightness distribution is irregular and more extended in the northeast direction. The displacement of the cluster halo from the optical galaxy and the filamentary structures observed in the halo core further suggest that the galaxy may be slowly moving within the group potential. Finally, we found that ~20% of the sources detected by Kim & Fabbiano in the NGC 507 halo are due to point sources, while the nature of the remaining population is not clear. If associated with NGC 507, they could be either accreting binaries hosting a massive black hole or density clumps of the X-ray halo.<hr height="1" noshade id="quote"></blockquote id="quote"></font id="quote">



Relativistic Jets from Accretion Disks
adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005Ap%26SS.298..115L

<blockquote id="quote"><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" id="quote">quote:<hr height="1" noshade id="quote">Abstract: The jets observed to emanate from many compact accreting objects may arise from the twisting of a magnetic field threading a differentially rotating accretion disk which acts to magnetically extract angular momentum and energy from the disk. Two main regimes have been discussed, hydromagnetic jets, which have a significant mass flux and have energy and angular momentum carried by both matter and electromagnetic field and, Poynting jets, where the mass flux is small and energy and angular momentum are carried predominantly by the electromagnetic field. Here, we describe recent theoretical work on the formation of relativistic Poynting jets from magnetized accretion disks. Further, we describe new relativistic, fully electromagnetic, particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations of the formation of jets from accretion disks. Analog Z-pinch experiments may help to understand the origin of astrophysical jets.<hr height="1" noshade id="quote"></blockquote id="quote"></font id="quote">


Theory and Simulations of the Origin of Astrophysical Jets
adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004APS..DPPCM1004L

<blockquote id="quote"><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" id="quote">quote:<hr height="1" noshade id="quote">Abstract

Powerful radio, and in some cases optical and gamma ray, emitting jets are observed to emanate from many compact accreting objects, from stellar mass black holes to super massive black holes in galactic nuclei. The jets are widely thought to arise from the twisting of an ordered magnetic field threading a differentially rotating accretion disk which acts to magnetically extract angular momentum and energy from the disk. Two main regimes have been discussed, hydromagnetic jets, which have a significant mass flux and have energy and angular momentum carried by both matter and electromagnetic field and, Poynting jets, where the mass flux is small and energy and angular momentum are carried predominantly by the electromagnetic field. Here, we describe recent theoretical work on the formation of Poynting jets from magnetized accretion disks. Further, we describe new relativistic, fully-electromagnetic, particle-in-cell simulations of the formation of jets from accretion disks. Laboratory Z-pinch experiments promise to further our understanding of the origin and nature of astrophysical jets.<hr height="1" noshade id="quote"></blockquote id="quote"></font id="quote">

I know extreme gravitaional and electromagnetic fields are involved in the compaction of matter such as the Neutron Matrix. I was looking for the actual process that is involved in the compaction and the formation of the jets.

Smile and live another day

G'day from the land of ozzzzzzz

Have people gone to sleep?

Smile and live another day